Angiotensin-(1 - 7) and Human Chorionic Gonadotrifin (hCG) Modulate the Nuclear Transcription Factors or Nuclear
Receptors Genes in the Tumorigenic Undifferentiated Breast Cancer Cell Line SKBR3
Copyright © 2013 SciRes. JCT
73
Figure 4. Top scored (by number of pathways) network
generated by the active experiments. Thick cyan lines indi-
cate the fragments of canonical pathways. Up-regulated
genes are marked with red circles; do wn-regulated with blue
circles. The checkerboard’ color indicates mixed expression
for the gene between files or between multiple tags for the
same gene.
might be beneficial when considering the antineoplastic
drugs available to treat breast cancer. At the same time,
NR2F2 downregulation indicates that hCG seems to in
duce cell differentiation in SKBR3 cells [19].
hCG also caused downregulation of the Nuclear Re-
ceptor Subfamily 2 (NR2F1), which may partially explain
the anti-proliferative effects of this hormone [20].
Another important action of hCG was to increase the
expression of the NR4A1 gene, which has an antimi-gra-
tion effect on normal cells.
Histone Deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) is an enzyme respon-
sible for maintenance/assembly of the heterochromatin
structure. As previously demonstrated its specific inhibi-
tion might contribute to increase the efficacy of DNA
alteration-based cancer therapies in clinic [21]. hCG in-
hibits expression of HDAC5, reducing cancer progres-
sion and cell survival.
In summary, our results herein demonstrate that the
modulation of sexual hormones and of other nuclear fac-
tor genes expression might underlie the tumorigenic pro-
tection effect and the induction of cell differentiation
caused by the hormones hCG and Ang-(1 - 7) [22], espe-
cially in CSCs [15,23].
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