Received 25 April 2016; accepted 27 June 2016; published 30 June 2016

ABSTRACT

The article used new experimental equipment for effective testing of adhesion coatings on the sheets. Testing was performed in jig by bending roller with selected radius. In the context of experiments a multi-jet system was used. The aim of my previous publications and even this article is to achieve that by using of multi-jet plasma system, samples were achieved that will not be damaged coating after the bending. Specific coats on the sheets have been optimized compo- sition of the plasma so that its result was the maximum adhesion of the coating to the steel base of samples. Results of experiments are presented in article. The article focuses on the tensile test and the result of the tensile test. All important values of tensile tests are published in this article. For example: elongation A₅₀, A_g, tensile strength R_m, and yield strength R_p0.2. Results with values of tensile tests are also presented in this article. Selected coated steel samples were photographed in the clamped in jig on the tension device. Group selected samples were divided by the applied coating. First, the basecoat, the final coat and coat were treated with a multi-jet plasma system. From a previous publication graphs show the dependence of the strength on elongation of a sample. Further research will be focused on selected coated samples, where samples are etched onto the surface of a network and are bent in a special jig in range bending radius R11 to R35. After bending, the samples are examined at a special optical device and are evaluated deformation circles in straight and bent part of the samples.

Keywords:

Nozzles, Bending, Multi-Jet Plasma System, Flow, Tensile Tests, Coating

1. Introduction

Base steel sheet and the coat are components that may or may not cooperate [1] [2] . When we talking about the technological forming operations, it can lead to disruption of the system of these pairs. This may cause disruption and peeling of the coating.

This can be a big problem between the base steel material and coat when forming of material. It can lead to defects such as deform the shape, fragility or improper choice of materials and coatings.

The basic parameter of these linkages is between basic material and coating, compliance forming parameters and in my case, optimization of forming operations and parameters forming processes. One way to do this is to apply a multi-jet plasma system and their use in combination material versus coating [3] - [7] .

It means treatment of the surface by multi-jet plasma system.

2. Experiments with Multi-Jet Plasma System I

Brief description of how it works multi-jet plasma system I described in my previous publication. In cooperation with Masaryk University in Brno following experiments were conducted.

Selected samples were tested on the graduated bending jig, which allows testing surface-treated sheets [8] . This is possible through construction of the jig. Material of tested samples is steel with designation 1.0322 (DX56D), thickness 1 mm. Mechanical properties R_m = 490 MPa, A = 20 mm². Samples from this experiment were divided into following groups, see Table 1. The surface treatment of sheets samples with surface coated of plasma jets were modified by these inert and reactive gases: Ar, O₂, N₂, CO₂, Ar + H₂O.

Power was in range 550 - 600 W, flow rate 40 - 50 l/min, feed rate 3 m/min, number of passes-two times. So we can compare samples, because we had samples 1, 2 and 3 as reference samples. Means not degreased samples. On these samples was not applied multi-jet plasma system method.

On the other test samples was applied modification of multi jet plasma system and above gases and their combination. In experiment was changed power in range 550 to 600 W.

The flow rate had constant value 0.2 l/min, feed rate was 3 m/min. During experiments were evaluated sheets for deep drawing according to Erichsen for sample 4, sample 14 and 17 (Figures 1-3).

On the sample 4 was used Argon gas. Damage of coating was under border IE 4 mm.

Sample 14 with Ar + CO₂ has better result. Value IE 3.7 mm showed damage with smaller cracks on the coating. Experiments with medium Ar + H₂O which were applied on the sample 17 had the best result. Value coating damage according to Erichsen was stopped down to 7.5 mm.

The resulting values for the other samples are given in Table 2. These are samples: Z1, Z2, Z3, TC1, TC2.

On the base metal sheet (BP) was applied plasma and then basecoat (KTL). The individual samples:

For a sample BP4 is interesting that the coating damage occurred to the border IE 10. For samples BP5 and BP6 these values have been halved. In these three samples was used as the basic gas Argon.

Demonstration bent selected sample with the damage of the coating after bending. In the selected sample No. 21 on Figure 4 where the bending was performed on a graduated bending jig. Damage was at the base coat and also topcoat [9] . Factors which damage coating there may be several. For example, poorly degreased base material, too small bending radius, not quite correctly applied the base coat or topcoat. Another parameter is of course gas composition for multi jet plasma system. In this case it was composition Ar + CO₂.

3. Experiments with Multi-Jet Plasma System II

Selected samples with dimension 90 × 10 × 1 mm were tested for tensile test. Device for tested samples is 1200- UPC.

Before when we start with experiment, I categorized samples to the groups (Table 3) with a different composition of plasma. To the samples was welded plate to be clamped in a special jig on a tensile machine and were performed tensile tests and evaluated important parameters [10] - [14] .

Sample BP11 with width [mm] and thickness b [mm] was clamped in special jig in tensile testing machine (Figure 5).

Test preparation included a thorough cleaning of the samples, the proper clamping on a tensile tester and correct setting of parameters. The test was performed so that the test samples were monitored throughout the test and when the sample was torn apart were from the tension diagram calculated parameters are given in Table 4.

4. Conclusions

To the individual parameters of the tensile tests and tensile testing machine, sample dimensions are a and b. Initial sheet thickness is 1 mm.

E-Young module of elasticity is in the range 22.20 to 74.79 MPa.

For R_p proof strength, English original is non-proportional extension. Value of proof strength is in the range 129.71 to 147.45 MPa.

R_m is tensile strength. Initial material has adequate strength. Value tensile strength is in the range 253 to 265 MPa. For plastic elongation A_g, English original is non-proportional elongation; value is in the range 9.98 to 21.85 for material 1.0322 (DX56D) [15] [16] .

For elongation A₅₀, the best result was the elongation for the sample BP11 and TC6, and then followed the samples BP16, Z12, BP7, and TC9. Contraction Z is changing the cross-section with an extension in interval from 34.19 to 44.18 [%]. Time to break the sample is t which is in the range 18.21 to 37.23 sec. Extensometer gauge length is S.

The highest load F is at which samples are loaded. Elongation at maximum force is dL. The parameters from tensile test are evaluated on the device UPC-1200.

Article discusses possible solutions formability sheet and bending sheet metal with organic coatings with one or more layers in interacting with a metal base.

Experiments are focusing in this article on the Erichsen tests and testing on tensile testing machine.

Another benefit of these samples on a bend on the graduated bending jig is functional samples without damage of the applied coating in the bend area.

For this purpose optimization of the composition of the input components of plasma was made. This generally leads to higher excavating identified by Erichsen test according to ISO 20482 [17] .

During technology operations, forming occurs for these units for disruptions of common bonds.

Disruption between the base steel material and the coating makes defects occur in plate forming (inadequate structure of the surface, brittleness, metal release, shape deformation, waviness of the plate surface) or a combination of poor choice of base material and coating.

Important and actual requirements for coating technologies are to maintain the integrity of the surface layer and bonds between the surface and the base material after the drawing or bending [18] [19] .

Functional molding with surface treatment is achieved by optimizing of the selected technological parameters of the process and those parameters will be part of the doctoral dissertation [20] [21] .

This article presents another basic criterion tensile test to detect adhesion of organic coatings in one or more layers in the interaction with the metal base.

Experiments in tensile machine have shown that in combination applied coatings with the base material and combination of various gases are different and they have a different result in the tensile tests.

Anyway, for that experiment we could say that using a multi-jet plasma system, the selected samples are durable in terms of adhesion, especially for the sample BP11. This sample from material 1.0322 (DX56D) which has been properly degreased was judged the best in combination of gases A_r + N₂. On the base steel sheet was applied through nozzles multi-jet plasma system in combination A_r + N₂. This combination is in the article marked with the abbreviation BP + PL + Z that means: BP―base material (raw material), PL―multi-jet plasma system (A_r + N₂), Z―basecoat.

Acknowledgements

The article was published by the support of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering: BUT FME-S-12-5 from 2012 and VAV 13313. Acknowledgements for Brno University of Technology who financed this technical article. Thank also Masaryk University which enabled us to make experiments with multi-jet plasma system.

Cite this paper

Emil Schwarzer,Milan Dvořák, (2016) Experiments with Forming Coated Sheets with Plasma-Chemical Pretreatment of the Surface. Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology,06,118-124. doi: 10.4236/jsemat.2016.63011

References