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Journal of Environmental Protec tion, 2013, 4, 31-34 doi:10.4236/jep.2013.41b006 Published Online January 2013 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/jep) Copyright © 2013 SciRes. JEP 31 The Application of Organica Ecological Technology in Residential S ewage Treatment Qin Yu je1,2,3, Wu Jiandong1, Ouyang Hai1 1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; 2State Key Labo ra- tory Subtropical Building Science, Guangzhou, China; 3The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. Email: qinyujie@scut.edu.cn Received 2013 ABSTRACT Water is the basis in ecological residential area. It is very important to recycle the water resource in the designing and planning of the ecological residential quarter due to the critical way to realize the wastewater resource utilization. In this paper, a new technology of waste water treatment is introduced, which is ORGANIC A ecotechnology. We integrate the trad itio nal waste wat er t reat ment tec hnolo g y and mode rn ec ol ogic al e ngine eri ng te ch nolo gy to get her a nd app ly the inte- grated technology in the treatment of domestic sewage. The treated water can be reused for landscape and greening, which can beautify the residential area and recycle wastewater. Keywords: ORGANICA Technology; Ecological Residence; W ater Rec ycle 1. Introduction The shortage of water resources has become a globally serious problem. The sewage after appropriate treatment and the reuse of the recycled water have become the consensus of all over the world. The wastewater recla- mation and reuse, in the existing sewage concentrated treatment, need, will the process which is similar to the water supply pipe network city recycled water distribu- tion system, after the network system and a series of midway lifting pump stations and distribution to users. Thus, the urban pipeline system occurs at least three times in conveying. However, the conveying process wastes a large amount of capital cost and operation cost. This part of the investment has become a huge economic burden and more than the cost of urban sewage concen- trated treatment plant, and due to the leakage problems on water resources will also cause the second pollution. Sewage concentrated treatment obviously has its limita- tions, at present many water treatment scientists are ac- tively advocate “in situ treatment in situ, and to realize the reuse water balance and water circulation system” [1]. In recent years, a new processing system, which is called the distributed processing and reuse system, start to be used widely in some countries, especially in the Netherlands, Germany, Scandinavia areas. It can over- come the shortage of the centralized wastewater treat- ment system by using this system [2]. Ecological resi- dential quarter waste water trea tment is se wage dispe rsion processing mainly reflects, the plot sewage in situ collec- tion, processing and recycling, processing more than centralized economic and feasible. Thus, the water pollu- tion not only can be c ontrolled, but also in situ treatmen t after specific reuse, saving a large amount of the water resources in order to meet the requirements of sustaina- ble development; At the same time, it can also obtain good economic benefit. There are many kinds of quarter sewage treatment method. By using the latest foreign ad- vanced technology, named ORGANICA ecological treat- ment technology, combining the latest engineering tech- nology and the traditional wastewater treatment technol- ogy together, has the broad prospect. 2. Present Situation of Ecological Residential Sewage Reuse at Home and Abroad There are more than 20 years of history fo r the const ruc- tion of foreign ecological residence sewage reuse, and there are many experiences. Many countries have formed their characteristics. According to their own national con- ditions and adopting different technical means to solve the problem of resources and energy, meeting or satisfy- ing partly due to water shortage limit city need to be fairly good social benefits and economic benefits. Den- mark is one of earliest country to implement the ecologi- cal residential engineering, as early as in the end of 1984, a demonstration project called “not allergic housing” in The App lication of Organica Ecologi cal Techno logy in Residential Sewage Treatment Copyright © 2013 SciRes. JEP 32 Aarhus. Residential use a series of water saving technol- ogy measures, including residential area sewage through the small sewage pro c e sso r in situ treatment, will become sewage water, make residential area water saving 30%, but also improved the environment of the whole [3]. Each design aimed for maximum limit protecting natural resources and minimal impact on environment in a zero energy consumption community in London, waste water in the community through the small sewage processor system in situ treatment, the wastewater can be recycled [4]. Israel is located in the eastern Mediterranean, with most of the arid and semi-arid area, the country's small community life sewage in situ reuse, 100% of life se- wage reuse [5]. North America is the developed areas using sewage reuse in the world. There are 357 cities reuse sewage, and 536 regeneration recycling stations. Japanese land area is small, the large population, water resources occupancy is lower than the world average level, because Japanese government puts forward the "water" concept, in 1990, and sets up 1369 reuse engi- neering all over the country [6]. There are 50000 metric tons of recycled water back to used for landscaping, in- dustrial every day in Mecca and Jeddar, Saudi Arabia [7]. The water supply reaches for 1.13 million tons per day, of which 85% is the use of urban sewage as water each day, 94000 tons of drinking water from regenerative wa- terworks in Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa. The low polluted sewage is directly used as irrigation, and has achieved good economic benefit in Thessaly, Greek [8]. The ecological residence research, construction and sewage reuse started late in China. Since the 1980s, Chi- nese architects also made many try, made some prelimi- nary success experience, but need to be widespread to form the situa tion of large scale development of the eco- logical residential sewage reuse. The sewage of the new capital manor quarter in Tianjin was treated with all, on craft chose CMR sewage treatment technology, the water processing system treated sewage, used in the water, greening, road flushing, etc., saving the water spending greatly for the people and property management units[9]. At an ecologica l resident ial quarter in Ha iko u, C hina , th e design of sewage treatment adapt soil toilet, kitchen washing wastewater and other life sewage separation of interior drainage pipe processing respectively, forming a residential area sewage purification, rainwater collection, gray water utilization the integrity of the ecological sys- tem. In an ecological residential quarter in Shenyang, China, it adopted in depth sewage treatment to realize part of reclaimed water reuse, and created the good bene- fit [10]. Government pays more and more attention to water recycling, and there are vigorously explore on the reuse technology in each local government, and to make the technology more and more mature. 3. ORGANICA Technology ORGANICA ecological treatment technology was firstly put forward in the United States of America. O RGANICA Company shall be responsible for the later research, de- velopment, technology promotion and engineering ap- plication. The company was established in 1998, set up in Budapest, Hungary. This technology integrates the modern ecological engineering technology and the tradi- tional wastewater treatment technology as an organic whole. 3.1. The Principle of ORGANICA Technology Wastewater treatment methods used activated sludge. According to the water quality index, process selection A2 / O or A/O process, ecological system in plant fixed with iron rack, the typical process flow see Figure 1. Wastewater treatment principle is to integrate the tra- ditional activated sludge process and ecological engi- neering technology as a whole, that is firstly anaerobic, anoxic, and then aerobic reaction. In the aerobic reaction, the whole device vaccinate 2000-3000 species of plants, animals and microbes, besides the traditional activated sludge system of biological bacteria in vitro. These or- ganisms have self synthesis and the capacity of absorbing the so la r e ner g y, wh ich c a n i mpr ove the s ys t e m to ha ndl e ability, improve water q uality. 3.2. The Characteristics of ORGANICA Technology ORGANICA technology has traditional activated sludge process characteristic, but a lso has the follo wing features: (1) the ecological treatment system have 2000-3000 spe- cies of plants, animals and microbes, these organisms promote the system processing ability; (2) more kinds of biological system, the variety is complete, the formation of ecological system stability, metabolism ability is strong, can realize quick start; (3) contaminated water in turn cascade flow through the naturalized but have dif- ferent ecological structure of the processing unit, ensure treatment plant with good ecological purification func- tion and flexibility of operation; (3) appearance design beautiful, have a kind of natural beauty, a decorative flowers and wastewater treatment plant as a plant garden, can be used in the most strict requirement of high-grade community life sewage purification and reuse; (4) the construction investment and operation cost is low and the effluent can meet the greening, flushing and water reuse requirements, but also can be used as ecological land- scape make-up water; (5) ORGANICA wastewater eco- logical treatment device has a snail and other senior ani- mals participate in the treatment process, reduce the amount of excess sludge, reduce sludge treatment cost, built-in biological filter to eliminate the od or pollutio n. The App lication of Organica Ecologi cal Technology in Resi dential Sewage Treatment Copyright © 2013 SciRes. JEP 33 Figure 1. ORGANICA ty pical process flow diagram. Compared with the traditional activated sludge process, this system cause has higher system processing capacity, good ecological purification function and operating flex- ibility and investment and operation cost is low, water reuse recycling value is big, the application range is quite extensive. So if the ecological residential district suc- cessfully applied this technology to treat sewage has great economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits. 3.3. ORGANICA Technology Application At present this technology in ORGANICA company host country Hungary many places to use, and treatment ef- fect is good, processing water quality can meet our coun- try landscape water standard (GB/T18921-2002). Poland’s Notincs three autonomous region also use this technolo- gy to treat sewage. ORGANICA ecological treatment technology was used on the purification design of large- scale municipal development in Laytown, Ireland. Other countries, such as Ukraine, Russia, and Australia and so on also applied the same technology. The technology has not been popularized in large-scale in China. Shenzhen was the first city to introduce the technology in 2008. At present it as used in a certain de- gree in Shenzhen and other cities. The technology per- formance is very stable from the view of operation. Be- cause the temperature is higher in South China, winter greenhouse don’t need heat preservation measures, the plants in a greenhouse to grow in all the year round, the sewage treatment and stable operation, creates the condi- tion is feasible in theory the. To ORGANICA technology in our country ecological residential use of research, there will be a lo t of value. 4. Future Work The sewage treatment tech nology separated the traditional sewage treatment technology from the modern engineer- ing technology in the past. Those treatment technologies mainly dischar ge the se wage into artif icial wetla nd to the deepening processing which needs two steps and two different places, taking up a large amount of land area. While ORGANICA technology integrates the traditional sewage treatment technology and modern ecological en- gineering technology as a whole, which can finish se- wage treatment in the same place, and achieve water reuse standard. This technology is still not popularized and applied in large scale in China. Currently, it is used tentatively in Shenzhen. Due to the ecological system and the different climatic conditions in China, it is ex- pected to be used in large-scale if the technology is im- proved according to actual situation. 5. Achnowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the Nature Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2012 ZM0042) and the fundamental research funds for the central universi- ties(S2011040005784). REFERENCES [1] P. A. Wildere Decentralized versus centralized wastewa- ter management: decentralized sanitation and reuse-on- pts systems and implementation. London UK: IWA Pub- lishing, 2001: pp. 39-54. [2] S. A.Fane, N. J.Ashbolt, S. B White. Decentralised ruban water reuse: The implications of system scale for cost & pathogen risk. Water Science and Technology. Vol. 46, No.6-7, 2004, pp. 28 1-288. [3] Z. H. Liu, “Ecological residence in North Europe”, Ener- gy Research and Application, Vol. 1, 2004, pp. 21 [4] Y. Weng, “Trend of Development of Foreign Eco-co mmunity and Enlightenment to China”, Architec- tural Journal, Vol. 4, 2006, pp. 32-35. [5] E. Friedler, O.Lahav, H.Jizhaki, T. Lahay, “Study of ur- ban population attitudes towards various wastewater reuse The App lication of Organica Ecologi cal Techno logy in Residential Sewage Treatment Copyright © 2013 SciRes. JEP 34 opt ions: Israel as a cas e stud y”, Journal of Environmental Management, Vo l.81, No.4, 2004, pp. 360-370. [6] T. Asan o, M. Maeda, M. Takaki, “Wastewater recl ama- tion and reuse in Japan: Overview and implementation examples ”, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 34, No.11, 20 04, pp. 219-226. [7] O. S. Abu-Rizaiza, “Modification of the standards of Wastewater r euse i n S au di Arabia”, Wa ter R esear ch, Vol. 33, No.11, 2004, pp. 2601-2608. [8] S. Bakopoulou, C.Emmanouil, A. Kungolos, “Assessment of wastewater e ffluen t qualit y in Thessal y region , Greece, for determining its irrigation reuse potential”, Ecotox- icology and Environmental Safety, Vol. 74, No.2, 2004, pp. 188-194. [9] Z. Sun, W. 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