Motes percentage and ginning outturn as affected with cotton cultivar and location

doi:10.4236/as.2010.11006

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Vol.1, No.1, 44-50 (2010)s

doi:10.4236/as.2010.11006

Agricultural Science

Motes percentage and ginning outturn as affected with

cotton cultivar and location

HossamEl-Din H. El-Feky

Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Giza, Egypt;

hossamhhf@hotmail.com

Received 30 April 2010; revised 3 May 2010; accepted 7 May 2010.

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to analyze

cotton cultivar and location differences in motes,

and to determine the relationships among these

and ginning outturn. Therefore, the seed cotton

of five promising hybrids namely; G. 77 × Pima S6

and G.84 × (G.74 × G.68) growing in [Kafr El-

Sheikh - Kafr El-Dawar - Etay El-Barood - Dami-

etta], G.89 × Pima S6 growing in [El-Sharkia -

El-Gharbiya - El-Dakahliya - El-Monofiya], G.83 ×

(G.75 × 5844) × G.80 and G.90 × Australian

growing in [Sohag - El-Minia - Beni-Sueif - El-

Faium] were used in this study. The results ob-

tained indicate that the varieties exhibited dif-

ferent behavior responses to environmental

conditions. On the whole, environmental factors

associated with differences in place of growth,

appeared to have much more influence on the

number of motes than did varietal factors. Most

of the locks for the promising hybrids at the

different locations tend to cluster around the

mean of 6 or 7 seeds per lock. There is a fairly

marked tendency for the lock index, lint weight

and lint percentage to decrease as the motes

percentage increase. On the other hand, most of

the promising hybrids under study tend to in-

crease in the seed index as the motes percent-

age increase. However, the increasing in seed

index as a result of the increasing in motes

percentage for some cotton cultivars growing at

different environments could be explain the dif-

ference in behavior for these cotton cultivars in

lint percentage.

Keywords: Cotton Cultivar; Ginning Outturn;

Location; Lock Index; Motes; Seed Index

1. INTRODUCTION

Cotton ginning outturn is much used measurement in

cotton production, marketing and ginning. Ginning out-

turn is the percentage of ginned lint obtained from a mass

of seed cotton. However, plant location plays a serious

role on ginning outturn. The number of seeds per boll is a

component of both cotton yield and fiber quality and is a

function of the number of locules (carpels) per boll and

the number of ovules per locule [1]. Both cultivar and

environment contribute to the variation in the number of

seeds per boll. Weather conditions affect ovule develop-

ment, polle n ferti li ty, and pol l en di spersal [ 1- 3].

Motes are defined as ovules that have not been fertil-

ized or underdeveloped seed in which embryos ceased

growth shortly after fertilization [4,5]. Mangialardi and

Meredith [6] reported that there was an interaction be-

tween variety and year for the number of motes. Davi-

donis et al. [7] found discrepancies between reports re-

lating mote frequency and boll location. They concluded

from their study that long fiber motes were related to th e

timing and intensity of environmental stress, not harvest

date or boll location . Bolek [8] stated that motes are cot-

ton (Gossypium spp.) ovules that fail to ripen into mature

seeds. These aborted ovules represent a loss in yield and

can cause imperfections in yarn and cloth quality.

Mote frequencies and mote weights were affected by

varieties and years. Percy [9] found that high ovule

abortionn rates (mote production) observed in Gos-

sypium hirsutum L. x G. barbadense L. interspecific F1

hybrids (ISH) have generally been attributed to the

presence of genetic incompatibilities between the two

parent species. Other caus es of mote production within G.

hirsutum and G. barbadense cottons are adverse envi-

ronmental factors. The environmental variance in seed

index was generally small [10]. In contrast to [10],

Turner et al. [11] reported that the variance in seed index

due to cultivar and cultivar x location were highly sig-

nificant. However, Understanding factors controlling

seed abortion is of importance to ph ysiologists, breeder s,

producers, and ginners.

Thus, the objectives of this research were to 1) deter-

mine the frequency of seeds, motes production and gin-

ning outturn as affected with cotton cultivar an d location,

and 2) determine if seed weight per locules was related

to ginning outturn.

H.-D. H. El-Feky / Agricultural Scienc es 1 (2010) 44-50

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

The present study was conducted to determine variation

in motes number (motes per lock), and its effect on gin-

ning outturn for seed-cotton samples, representing dif-

ferent varieties and environments (locations). The varie-

ties and locations are listed in the following table.

No. Cotton cultivar location

1 H1: G.77 × Pima S6

Kafr El-Sheikh

Kafr El-Dawar

Etay El-Barood

Damietta

2 H2: G.84 × (G.74 × G.68)

Kafr El-Sheikh

Kafr El-Dawar

Etay El-Barood

Damietta

3 H4: G.89 × Pima S6

El-Sharkia

El-Gharbiya

El-Dakahliya

El-Monofiya

4 H6: G.83 × (G.75 × 5844) ×

G.80

Sohag

El-Minia

Beni-Sueif

El-Faium

5 H8: G.90 × Australian

Sohag

El-Minia

Beni-Sueif

El-Faium

The present study was carried out in 2008 at the Cot-

ton Ginning Research Section, Cotton Research Institute,

Agricultural Research Center. The sample consists of

100 locks and the seeds in each lock were numbered and

sorted according to the presence or absence of motes.

The percentage of locks with motes was determined.

Measurements made included: potential seed number

(determined to be the number of seed plus motes per

locule), ovule abortion rate (expressed as the percent of

the potential seed number per locule which were motes),

lock index (the weight, in grams, of 100 locks), lint

weight per 100 locks and seed index (the weight, in

grams, of 100 seeds). The samples were ginned by the

McCarthy reciprocating knife 16-inch roller gin stand.

The lint percentage (ginning outturn) was calculated for

each sample by dividing the weight of the ginned lint by

the initial seed cotton weight.

3. RESULTS AND DIS CUSSION

The present investigation was conducted to determine to

what degree environment and cotton cultivar contributes

to the mote numbers and ginning outturn.

3.1. Variations in the Number of Motes in

Seed Cottons

Varietal differences in the number of motes formed are

very striking (Table 1, Figures 1-8). The average per-

Table 1. Lock properties and lint percentage as affected with the cotton cultivar and location.

Promising Hybrid Location Seed (%) Motes (%)Lock

index (g)Lint

weight (g) Seed

index (g)

Lint

percentage

(%)

G.77 × Pima S6 Kafr El-Sheikh 70.6 29.4 89.1 32.2 10.5 36.1

Kafr El-Dawar 76.4 23.6 90.9 33.4 9.6 36.7

Etay El-Barood 81.3 18.8 97.4 36.1 9.4 37.0

Damietta 73.3 26.8 77.2 26.7 8.2 34.6

Mean 75.4 24.7 88.7 32.1 9.4 36.1

Kafr El-Sheikh 78.8 21.3 102.9 38.5 10.4 37.4

G.84 × (G.74 × G.68) Kafr El-Dawar 81.5 18.5 109.8 41.0 10.3 37.3

Etay El-Barood 84.8 15.3 113.5 40.8 10.8 35.9

Damietta 79.9 20.1 95.6 33.8 9.6 35.4

Mean 81.3 18.8 105.5 38.5 10.3 36.5

G.89 × Pima S6 El-Sharkia 80.9 19.1 117.7 45.5 11.1 38.7

El-Gharbiya 77.3 22.8 92.0 35.8 9.0 38.9

El-Dakahliya 75.8 24.3 91.0 34.8 9.2 38.2

El-Monofiya 72.1 27.9 100.7 39.3 10.6 39.0

Mean 76.5 23.5 100.4 38.9 10.0 38.7

Sohag 74.4 25.6 88.6 36.1 8.8 40.8

G.83 × (G.75 × 5844) × G.80 El-Minia 81.3 18.8 75.3 31.0 6.1 41.2

Beni-Sueif 73.5 26.5 98.8

39.6 9.7 40.1

El-Faium 72.1 27.9 76.7 32.0 7.7 41.7

Mean 75.3 24.7 84.8 34.7 8.1 40.9

Sohag 76.5 23.5 90.3 37.0 8.9 41.0

G.90 × Australian El-Minia 81.4 18.6 82.4 34.7 7.3 42.1

Beni-Sueif 77.5 22.5 86.4 36.3 8.2 42.0

El-Faium 75.9 24.1 86.1 36.4 8.4 42.3

Mean 77.8 22.2 86.3 36.1 8.2 41.8

H.-D. H. El-Feky / Agricultural Scienc es 1 (2010) 44-50

Figure 1. Normal distribution curves of seeds count per lock for the

promising hybrids [G.77 × Pima S6 and G.84 × (G.74 × G.68)] at 4 lo-

cations.

Figure 2. Normal distribution curves of seeds count per lock for the

promising hybrid [G.89 × Pima S6] at 4 locations.

Figure 3. Normal distribution curves of seeds count per lock for the

promising hybrids [G.83 × (G.75 × 5844) × G.80 and G.90 × Austra-

lian] at 4 locations.

××

H.-D. H. El-Feky / Agricultural Scienc es 1 (2010) 44-50

Figure 4. Cumulative frequency curves of seeds count per lock for the

promising hybrid [G.77 × Pima S6] at 4 locations.

Figure 5. Cumulative frequency curves of seeds count per lock for the

promising hybrid [G.84 × (G.74 × G.68)] at 4 locations.

Figure 6. Cumulative frequency curves of seeds count per lock for the

promising hybrid [G.89 × Pima S6] at 4 locations.

H.-D. H. El-Feky / Agricultural Scienc es 1 (2010) 44-50

Figure 7. Cumulative frequency curves of seeds count per lock for the

promising hybrid [G.83 × (G.75 × 5844) × G.80] at 4 locations.

Figure 8. Cumulative frequency curves of seeds count per lock for the

promising hybrid [G.90 × Australian] at 4 locations.

centages of locks possessing motes ranged from 18.8 %

for the promising hybrid [G.84 × (G.74 × G.68)] to 24.7

% for the promising hybrid [G.77 × Pima S6] and [G.83 ×

(G.75 × 5844) × G.80]. In general, the relative differences

among the varieties were about the same from location to

location. The varieties exhibited different behavior re-

sponses to environmental conditions. However, the per-

centages of locks with motes were higher for [G.77 ×

Pima S6] in Kafr El-Sheikh (29.4 %) than [G.84 × (G.74

× G.68)] in Etay El-Barood (15.3 %). The importance of

the influence of environmental factors and cotton culti-

vars on the development of motes is shown by the highly

differences in the number of motes in seed-cotton sam-

ples representing different locations and cotton cultivars

(Table 1). On the whole, environmental factors associ-

ated only with differences in place of growth, appeared

to have much more influence on the number of motes

developed than did varietal factors.

Figures 1-8 of normal distribution and cumulative

frequency curves of locks with motes in 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, and

8-seed per lock classes illustrate the mean, median and

concentration the data around the mean for the 5 prom-

ising hybrids at the different locations. Its show that most

of the locks for the promising hybrid at the different lo-

cations tends to cluster around the mean of 6 or 7 seeds

per lock.

3.2. Relation between Motes Percent age and

Ginning Outturn

The results are not entirely cons istent, but in general and

for most promising hybrids under study there is a fairly

marked tendency for the lock index (the weight, in grams,

of 100 locks), lint weight per 100 locks and lint percent-

age to decrease as the motes percentage increase (Fig-

ures 9, 10 and 12). It is true that certain varieties failed

to show this tend, and some showed it to a much more

pronounced degree than others. On the other hand, most

of the promising hybrids under study tend to increase in

the seed index (the weight, in grams, of 100 seeds) as the

motes percentage increase (Figure 11).

H.-D. H. El-Feky / Agricultural Scienc es 1 (2010) 44-50

Figure 9. Relationship between lock index and motes percentage for the 5

promising hybrids.

Figure 10. Relationship between lint weight per 100 locks and

motes percentage for the 5 promising hybrids.

Figure 11. Relationship between seed index and motes per

centage for the 5 promising hybrids.

H.-D. H. El-Feky / Agricultural Scienc es 1 (2010) 44-50

Figure 12. Relationship between lint percentage and motes per-

centage for the 5 promising hybrids.

For the promising hybrids [G.84 × (G.74 × G.68) and

G.89 × Pima S6] the results show that as the motes per-

centage increased the lock index and lint weight per 100

locks decreased and the lint percentage increased this

could be explained a result of the decreasing in seed in-

dex. But, for the promising hybrid [G.77 × Pima S6] the

results show that as the motes percentage increased the

lock index and lint weight per 100 locks decreased and

the lint percentage decreased as a result of the increasing

in seed index. while, for the promising hybrids [G.83 ×

(G.75 × 5844) × G.80 and G.90 × Australian] the results

indicated that as the motes percentage increased the lock

index and lint weight p er 100 locks increased and the lint

percentage decreased as a result of the increasing in seed

index.

However, the increasing in seed index as a result of

the increasing in motes percentage for some cotton cul-

tivars growing at different environments could be ex-

plain the difference in behav ior for these cotton cu ltivars

in lint percentage.

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