ABSTRACT

It was proposed to use the sum of production functions of different lifestyles, to describe the changes in the Russian economy. Values of indicators of a power function of Cobb-Douglas were received from approximate formulas on the basis of data from various sources. A good concordance with change process of Russia’s GDP, what permit to predict its behavior in the future, was received.

Keywords:Economic Ways, Economic Lifestyle, Social and Economic Structure, Revenue, Domestic Product

1. Introduction@NolistTemp# Development of Russia is determined by a number of interrelated trends, one of which is to change the structures of society. Economic transformations subsequently causing social shifts occur in the framework of this change. Last events in an internal life of Russia are a mirror of these shifts. However these events concern only a small part of the population. These events take place because the existing social structure possesses certain feature. According to this feature, essential variations of social structures concern only those, who are capable to feel these variations in conformity with their social position and their education. This means that a large portion of Russia’s population lives at the level of a survival using for this smallholding and gifts of environment.

However, the perspective development of society depends on how advanced, albeit small part of this society lives. This prospect is not a joyful for the present. The Ministry of economic development has reduced its expectations on the long-term growth of world and Russian economy. These calculations on the prediction were carried out using the scenarios assessment for the case of a conservative scenario. According to this new basic scenario it is supposed that the share of Russia in world economy will decrease from 4.0% in 2012 to 3.4% in 2030, the main recession will begin after 2020 [1] . 2. Literature Review@NolistTemp# Promising forms of development of economic relations within the modern society lighted in many papers. For example, in sufficient detail they write about small fraction of the innovation economy in Russia. In reference [2] it is indicated that “as far as the ability to create new knowledge is concerned, Russian companies perform better. Their share of expenditure on R & D in 2007, as a percentage of GDP, was 0.7 percent”. Change of lifestyles distribution among themselves is a consequence of features of economic development. As stated in reference [3] , “modern European lifestyles are unsustainable in many ways and are based on overproduction and overconsumption; putting too much pressure on our natural resources and imposing negative environmental, economic, (individual and collective) social and health impacts”. It is noted also that this question is very important for economy. Countries that promote exports of more “sophisticated” goods grow faster. Of course it could be that by pushing investments into sophisticated activities for which the economy has no innate comparative advantage China and other countries with similar policies have ended up penalizing their economies [4] . In article F. Pfeiffer and K. Reuß [5] was made attempt to describe accumulation of the factors providing development of the human capital with age. There are two equations, one for cognitive, one for self-regulatory skills, that specify skill formation and depreciation on a yearly basis over the life span of 80 periods (years). 3. Materials and Methods@NolistTemp# The first category of data was obtained from various sources, including statistical directories, speeches of officials and articles about social and economic position of regions of Russia. The second part of the data on the share of the effects of certain lifestyles was obtained by interviewing 128 experts. 4. Theory@NolistTemp# Economic mechanism of Russia is under considerable influence from different lifestyles. The part of the population must survive, and its lifestyle is difficult to call differently, than preindustrial. Power structures have started talking about reindustrialization. The most successful part of the population implements post-industrial approach to the organization of their work. All these lifestyles mixed forming a strange mosaic of interaction that hinders the economic development of the country and strengthens the impoverishment of the population. Most of inhabitants of Russia are not confident that their diligent work will receive an adequate return in the form of material and moral compensation. It is accepted to use production function for the description the regularities of results of labor. Production function allows you to set dependence between the volume of the final product and the volumes used factors of production. The production function has the form Y = f(X_i). In the particular case it takes the form of the function Cobb-Douglas , where Y—the final product; A—parameter that plays a dual role. He describes the proportion of unaccounted factors in the model and provides a reduction to the a unified dimension of all the factors; —the most important factors of production; —elasticity coefficients characterizing the impact of factorial signs on the outcome [6] . D. Rodrik [7] proposed several formulas of production functions for different economic lifestyles, but combine them to assess the production in modern society is difficult. Production function of Cobb - Douglas was the first model of production function. It is constructed as a result of processing of statistical data on manufacturing industry of the USA for 1899-1922. The dependence the volume of the output on two factors: of the volume labor and capital is investigated in the model. Function of Cobb - Douglas has the form Y = AL^αK^ß, where L—the volume of a manpower; α—coefficient of elasticity of labor; K—the volume of fixed capital; ß—the coefficient of elasticity capital. In this model α + ß = 1. Further, the NTP factor Y = AL^aK^ße^nt was entered into the function of Cobb - Douglas, where e—base of natural logarithms; n—coefficient of elasticity factor of NTP, i.e. parameter of increment aggregate efficiency of factors, t—the period for which growth parameters are determined [8] . The coefficient of elasticity of a factor of NTP characterizes an indicator of multifactor productivity as rate of a gain of production output in addition to the gain caused by extensive factors. For definition of components of production function for various societies it is possible to use, as a first approximation, an approximate formula of a linear extrapolation (1). (1) The particular case of the production function is described in article L.N. Bulgakova [9] as (2) 5. Results@NolistTemp# Further we will look for the production function as a product of sedate components. Determination of indicators of the production function for the pre-industrial society can be performed on the basis of the data presented in the book V. M. Kudrov [10] . Calculations give the opportunity to get this function as (3)

To account NTP we will use growth curve significant inventions by L. Mamford [11] , which is described by the expression

(4) However, for the different periods in mankind life this general regularity changes a little. Definition of private indicators for various societies can be approximately obtained from the formula

(5)

From here it is possible to deduce an approximate formula

(6)

Then for the preindustrial society n = 0.040, for industrial n = 0.06, for postindustrial n = 0.112. These values can be taken only as approximate values, especially the last one, but the full level of development of post-industrial society has not yet been achieved, and direct measurements are not possible. Data for not the most successfully developing Voronezh region which receives from the Center 24.19% of the budget [12] are used for receiving production function of industrial society in Russia. The production function has the form [13] (7) Production function of postindustrial society was determined approximately on the basis of data for one of the most advanced in the scientifically-advanced city of St. Petersburg. This is due to the fact that Moscow is more associated with the bank and trade sectors than the St. Petersburg. Production function obtained by E. E. Kolchinskaya [14] as (8) We can get dependencies material expenditures by evaluating the most typical kinds of raw materials, such as electricity consumption. On the basis of data source [15] , we can obtain the dependence of the form М^0.001 for typical Russian Voronezh region. The same dependence has the form М^0.113 for the Leningrad region on the basis of the source [16] . Differences and the unusual order of values of indicators are related to the differences in energy consumption for the operation of the economic mechanism. The formula for summarized production function has an appearance (9) where Y_i—production functions for different formations, f_i—the share of different formations in the economic mechanism. Dependencies proportions on the time obtained from the results of surveys experts, and have the form shown in Figure 1. General view of the curves obtained from the results of a survey of experts, is quite explainable. Pre-Industrial lifestyle leaves together with outgoing generation of “baby boomers”, the part from which “didn’t fit” into modern Russian realities. Industrial lifestyle experiencing a “renaissance” in connection with re-industrialization plans. Post-industrial lifestyle slowly accrues, what is connected with deficiency of sources for such growth. Analytical representation of these dependencies, obtained by least squares, after discarding second-order terms, is as follows: For pre-industrial lifestyle (10) For an industrial phase of development (11) The share of post-industrial lifestyle will be (12) The general expression for summarized production function (9) after substitution can be represented in the form (13) Calculations on a Formula (13) and comparison of results calculations with change of GNP of Russia for the last decade allows receive the results shown in Figure 2. From the graph in Figure 2 is easy to see that the studied quantities are closely linked. The correlation coefficient 0.993 is essential for all significance levels exceeding 0.01. The regression equation has the form

This testifies that the production function has not passed rationing, but unknown, what could serve as the basis for such valuation. Thus, the integrations of dependencies of changes of all three lifestyles with using additivity will not only allow to describe, but also precisely enough will allow to predict changes of GNP of Russia. 6. Discussion@NolistTemp# Strictly speaking, the production functions defined by Formula (3), in fact, are not quite the same because they were prepared by the approximate formulas. It is more similar to non-normalized replicas of production functions, all the more that indicators for various variables are defined separately. On the other hand, they characterize the same society in the same period of its existence, so that the error, if it is there, is not very big. Rationing especially is complicated because there are no enough authentic data on results of the appendix of production functions in specific conditions. Lack of constant coefficients before the functions takes place intentionally, as this factor is taken into account coefficients attributed experts. 7. Conclusions@NolistTemp# The obtained data testify to existence of all three lifestyles in economy of Russia. Summation of production functions for these lifestyles with the proposed experts weighting coefficients gives good agreement with the course GNP Russia.

This method allows to predict development of a situation and to estimate change of GNP of Russia in the future in short limits.

References

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